{"id":2247,"date":"2023-03-03T12:25:14","date_gmt":"2023-03-03T09:25:14","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/eksihukukburosu.com\/?p=2247"},"modified":"2023-10-02T23:27:20","modified_gmt":"2023-10-02T20:27:20","slug":"kisirlastirma-operasyonunun-hukuka-uygunlugu","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/eksihukukburosu.com\/en\/kisirlastirma-operasyonunun-hukuka-uygunlugu\/","title":{"rendered":"KISIRLA\u015eTIRMA OPERASYONUNUN HUKUKA UYGUNLU\u011eU"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><strong>I-G\u0130R\u0130\u015e<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-drop-cap\">Anayasam\u0131z\u0131n 17\/1 maddesinde \u201c<em>Herkes, ya\u015fama, maddi ve manevi varl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 koruma ve geli\u015ftirme hakk\u0131na sahiptir.<\/em>\u201d, ve 56\/1.3. maddesinde \u201c<em>Herkes, sa\u011fl\u0131kl\u0131 ve dengeli bir \u00e7evrede ya\u015fama hakk\u0131na sahiptir. Devlet, herkesin hayat\u0131n\u0131, beden ve ruh sa\u011fl\u0131\u011f\u0131 i\u00e7inde s\u00fcrd\u00fcr\u00fclmesini sa\u011flamakla y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcd\u00fcr<\/em>\u201d denilmekte olup ayn\u0131 maddenin ikinci f\u0131kras\u0131nda da t\u0131bbi zorunluluklar ve kanunda yaz\u0131l\u0131 haller d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda kimsenin v\u00fccut b\u00fct\u00fcnl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcne dokunulamayaca\u011f\u0131 belirtilmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>K\u0131s\u0131rla\u015ft\u0131rma (sterilizasyon) i\u015flemi; tarihsel s\u00fcre\u00e7te toplum d\u00fczeni, gelecek nesillerin manip\u00fclasyonu gibi ama\u00e7lar ile istemli ve istemsiz \u015fekillerde uygulanmak \u00fczere kar\u015f\u0131m\u0131za \u00e7\u0131km\u0131\u015f olup modern hukuk \u00e7er\u00e7evesinde i\u015fbu i\u015flem n\u00fcfus planlamas\u0131 ve sa\u011fl\u0131\u011f\u0131n korunmas\u0131 ama\u00e7lar\u0131 ile t\u0131bbi zorunluluk durumlar\u0131 haricinde r\u0131zaya dayal\u0131 olarak &nbsp;uygulanan v\u00fccut b\u00fct\u00fcnl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcne yap\u0131lan bir m\u00fcdahaledir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Hukukumuzda ki\u015finin; \u00fcreme yetene\u011finden t\u0131bbi yol ile vazge\u00e7mesi veya bu \u00fcreme yetene\u011finin, ki\u015finin ya\u015fam\u0131n\u0131n korunmas\u0131 amac\u0131 ile t\u0131bbi olarak kesilmesi hukuki olarak d\u00fczenlenmi\u015f ve t\u0131bbi k\u0131s\u0131rla\u015ft\u0131rma i\u015fleminin s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131 \u00e7izilmi\u015ftir. K\u0131s\u0131rla\u015ft\u0131rma i\u015flemine ili\u015fkin hukuki \u015fartlar ve hekim sorumlulu\u011fu; bu i\u015fleme dair d\u00fczenlenen mevzuat literat\u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fcn genel konusu olu\u015fturmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ol type=\"I\">\n<li><strong>KISIRLA\u015eTIRMA (STER\u0130L\u0130ZAYON) TANIMI<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<p>Sterilizasyon, di\u011fer ad\u0131yla k\u0131s\u0131rla\u015ft\u0131rma, erkek ya da kad\u0131nda, ameliyat yolu ile \u00fcreme yetene\u011finin ortadan kald\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 anlam\u0131na gelmektedir. Bu ameliyatta; ki\u015finin cinsel ya\u015fam\u0131 en ufak bir bi\u00e7imde etkilenmeksizin, sadece \u00fcreme i\u015flevi ortadan kald\u0131r\u0131lmaktad\u0131r.<a href=\"#_ftn1\" id=\"_ftnref1\">[1]<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>K\u0131s\u0131rla\u015ft\u0131rma, bir cerrahi operasyonun arzulanan bir sonucu olabilir ya da hastal\u0131kl\u0131 bir \u00fcreme organ\u0131n\u0131n ortadan kald\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131n veya i\u015flev bozuklu\u011fu olan ba\u015fka bir organ\u0131n iyile\u015ftirilmesinin tesad\u00fcfi bir sonucu olabilir.<a href=\"#_ftn2\" id=\"_ftnref2\">[2]<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>K\u0131s\u0131rla\u015ft\u0131rma i\u015flemi, had\u0131m etme (kastrasyon) ile \u00e7ok\u00e7a kar\u015f\u0131la\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lsa da iki i\u015flem s\u00fcrecinde farkl\u0131 cerrahi operasyon yap\u0131lmakta&nbsp; ve farkl\u0131 sonu\u00e7lar do\u011fmaktad\u0131r. Had\u0131m, Arap\u00e7a bir kelime olup, T\u00fcrk\u00e7e\u2019de i\u011fdi\u015f etmek, burmak veya enemek olarak kar\u015f\u0131m\u0131za \u00e7\u0131kmaktad\u0131r. K\u0131s\u0131rla\u015ft\u0131rma uygulamalar\u0131nda had\u0131m etmeden (kastrasyon) farkl\u0131 olarak sadece \u00fcreme yetene\u011fi ortadan kald\u0131r\u0131lmakta, fakat cinsel yetenek bertaraf edilmemektedir. Zira kastrasyon ameliyatlar\u0131nda erkeklerde testisler, kad\u0131nlarda ise yumurtal\u0131klar ameliyatla al\u0131nmakta ya da kimyasal madde veya \u0131\u015f\u0131nla tahrip edilmektedir.<a href=\"#_ftn3\" id=\"_ftnref3\">[3]<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>K\u0131s\u0131rla\u015ft\u0131rma, \u00fcreme organlar\u0131 hastal\u0131kl\u0131 olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 durumlarda erkekler i\u00e7in vazektomi yoluyla (meni kanal\u0131 ameliyat\u0131) ve kad\u0131nlar i\u00e7in t\u00fcp ligasyonu yoluyla sonu\u00e7land\u0131r\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. G\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde de yayg\u0131n olarak kullan\u0131lan en etkili korunma y\u00f6ntemi cerrahi sterilizasyon y\u00f6ntemidir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ol type=\"A\">\n<li><strong><\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<ol type=\"1\">\n<li><strong>\u0130stemli K\u0131s\u0131rla\u015ft\u0131rma<\/strong> :<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0130stemli k\u0131s\u0131rla\u015ft\u0131rman\u0131n ger\u00e7ekle\u015fmesi i\u00e7in hukuka ve etik kurallara uygun t\u0131bb\u00ee m\u00fcdahalenin ger\u00e7ekle\u015fmesi gerekmektedir. Uygunluk \u015fartlar\u0131 ise, hastan\u0131n; ayd\u0131nlat\u0131lm\u0131\u015f olmas\u0131, re\u015fit olmas\u0131 ve hasta evli ise e\u015finin r\u0131zas\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul>\n<li><strong>\u0130stemsiz K\u0131s\u0131rla\u015ft\u0131rma<\/strong>:<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>Ki\u015filerin r\u0131zalar\u0131 d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda zorla yap\u0131lan k\u0131s\u0131rla\u015ft\u0131rma uygulamalar\u0131na istemsiz k\u0131s\u0131rla\u015ft\u0131rma denir. Tarihi s\u00fcre\u00e7te belirli gruplara, birtak\u0131m hastal\u0131klar\u0131 olanlara ve genetik ta\u015f\u0131y\u0131c\u0131lar\u0131n \u00fcremesine engel olmak amac\u0131 ile bu t\u00fcr etik d\u0131\u015f\u0131 uygulamalar ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirilmi\u015ftir. Yak\u0131n tarihte Naziler taraf\u0131ndan \u0130kinci D\u00fcnya Sava\u015f\u0131 bitimine kadar, ruh hastalar\u0131na ve az\u0131nl\u0131klara zorunlu olarak sterilizasyonun uyguland\u0131\u011f\u0131; g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde de baz\u0131 toplumlarda; zek\u00e2 gerili\u011fine sahip olan bireylerin \u00e7o\u011falmas\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6nlemek i\u00e7in zorunlu sterilizasyonlar\u0131n yap\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 bilinmektedir. <a href=\"#_ftn4\" id=\"_ftnref4\"><sup>[4]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Hukuk sistemimizde sadece istemli k\u0131s\u0131rla\u015ft\u0131rmaya m\u00fcsaade edilmi\u015f olup, istemsiz k\u0131s\u0131rla\u015fma i\u015flemleri hukuki yapt\u0131r\u0131mlara ba\u011flanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<a href=\"#_ftn5\" id=\"_ftnref5\">[5]<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a><strong><em>\u201cTCK MADDE 101<\/em><\/strong><\/a><em>. &#8211; (1) Bir erkek veya kad\u0131n\u0131 r\u0131zas\u0131 olmaks\u0131z\u0131n k\u0131s\u0131rla\u015ft\u0131ran kimse, \u00fc\u00e7 y\u0131ldan alt\u0131 y\u0131la kadar hapis cezas\u0131 ile cezaland\u0131r\u0131l\u0131r. Fiil, k\u0131s\u0131rla\u015ft\u0131rma i\u015flemi yapma yetkisi olmayan bir kimse taraf\u0131ndan yap\u0131l\u0131rsa, ceza \u00fc\u00e7te bir oran\u0131nda art\u0131r\u0131l\u0131r.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><em>(2) R\u0131zaya dayal\u0131 olsa bile, k\u0131s\u0131rla\u015ft\u0131rma fiilinin yetkili olmayan bir ki\u015fi taraf\u0131ndan i\u015flenmesi h\u00e2linde, bir y\u0131ldan \u00fc\u00e7 y\u0131la kadar hapis cezas\u0131na h\u00fckmolunur.\u201d<\/em><em><\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ol type=\"I\">\n<li><strong>HUKUKUMUZ \u00c7ER\u00c7EVES\u0130NDE KISIRLA\u015eTIRMA OPERASYONU<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<p><a>Anayasam\u0131z\u0131n 17\/1 maddesinde \u201c<em>Herkes, ya\u015fama, maddi ve manevi varl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 koruma ve geli\u015ftirme hakk\u0131na sahiptir.<\/em>\u201d, ve 56\/1.3. maddesinde \u201c<em>Herkes, sa\u011fl\u0131kl\u0131 ve dengeli bir \u00e7evrede ya\u015fama hakk\u0131na sahiptir. Devlet, herkesin hayat\u0131n\u0131, beden ve ruh sa\u011fl\u0131\u011f\u0131 i\u00e7inde s\u00fcrd\u00fcr\u00fclmesini sa\u011flamakla y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcd\u00fcr<\/em>\u201d denilmekte<\/a> olup ki\u015finin ya\u015fam ve beden varl\u0131\u011f\u0131 Anayasam\u0131z\u0131n bu maddeleri ile teminat alt\u0131na al\u0131nm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. <a href=\"#_ftn6\" id=\"_ftnref6\">[6]<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Ki\u015finin v\u00fccut b\u00fct\u00fcnl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcne m\u00fcdahale yetkisinin tan\u0131nd\u0131\u011f\u0131 meslek grubu i\u00e7erisinde bulunan hekimler, gerek etik ve deontoloji gerekse Sa\u011fl\u0131k Hukuku alan\u0131nda, uzmanl\u0131k alanlar\u0131 ile ilgili hukuksal bilgiye&nbsp; sahip olmak ve hukuka uygun t\u0131bbi uygulama yapmak durumundad\u0131rlar. Sterilizasyon uygulamas\u0131n\u0131 ki\u015finin beden b\u00fct\u00fcnl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc bozacak olsa da belirli hukuki uygunluk \u015fartlar\u0131 \u00e7er\u00e7evesinde hukuka uygun kabul edilmektedir.<a href=\"#_ftn7\" id=\"_ftnref7\"><sup>[7]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>T\u0131bbi k\u0131s\u0131rla\u015ft\u0131rma i\u015fleminin \u00f6zel olarak d\u00fczenlendi\u011fi kanun olan 2827 say\u0131l\u0131 N\u00fcfus Planlamas\u0131 Hakk\u0131nda Kanuna g\u00f6re sterilizasyon, yine bu Kanunda d\u00fczenlenen hallerde, Devletin g\u00f6zetim ve denetimi alt\u0131nda yap\u0131l\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u201cMadde 1 \u2013<\/strong> <em>Bu Kanunun amac\u0131, n\u00fcfus planlamas\u0131 esaslar\u0131n\u0131, gebeli\u011fin sona erdirilmesi ve sterilizasyon ameliyelerini, acil m\u00fcdahale halleri ile gebeli\u011fi \u00f6nleyici ila\u00e7 ve ara\u00e7lar\u0131n temin, imal ve saptanmas\u0131na ili\u015fkin hususlar\u0131 d\u00fczenlemektir.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Madde 2 &#8211;<\/strong> \u2026 <em>Gebeli\u011fin sona erdirilmesi ve sterilizasyon, Devletin g\u00f6zetim ve denetimi alt\u0131nda yap\u0131l\u0131r.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><em>Bu Kanunun \u00f6ng\u00f6rd\u00fc\u011f\u00fc haller d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda gebelik sona erdirilemez ve sterilizasyon veya kastrasyon ameliyesi yap\u0131lamaz.\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>2827 say\u0131l\u0131 N\u00fcfus Planlamas\u0131 Hakk\u0131nda Kanunun 5. maddesine dayan\u0131larak haz\u0131rlanm\u0131\u015f olan 510 say\u0131l\u0131 <a>Rahim Tahliyesi ve Sterilizasyon Hizmetlerinin Y\u00fcr\u00fct\u00fclmesi ve Denetlenmesine \u0130li\u015fkin T\u00fcz\u00fck<\/a>\u2019te&nbsp; rahim tahliyesini ve sterilizasyonu kabul edenlerden istenecek izin belgesinin \u015feklini ve doldurulma esaslar\u0131n\u0131, rahim tahliyesi ve sterilizasyonun yap\u0131laca\u011f\u0131 yerleri, bu yerlerde bulunmas\u0131 gereken sa\u011fl\u0131k ko\u015fullar\u0131 ve di\u011fer ko\u015fullarla buralar\u0131n denetim ve g\u00f6zetim esaslar\u0131 d\u00fczenlenmi\u015ftir. <a href=\"#_ftn8\" id=\"_ftnref8\">[8]<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ol type=\"I\">\n<li><strong>KISIRLA\u015eTIRMA OPERASYONUNUN &nbsp;HUKUKA UYGUNLUK KO\u015eULLARI<\/strong><strong><\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<ol type=\"A\">\n<li>&nbsp;<strong><u>Hekimin t\u0131bbi m\u00fcdahalesinin hukuka uygunlu\u011fu i\u00e7in aranan \u015fartlar;<\/u><\/strong><strong><u><\/u><\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Te\u015fhis ve tedavi konusunda hastan\u0131n ayd\u0131nlat\u0131lmas\u0131 ve r\u0131zas\u0131n\u0131n al\u0131nmas\u0131,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>&nbsp;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><u>T\u0131bbi K\u0131s\u0131rla\u015ft\u0131rma Operasyonunun Hukuka Uygunlu\u011fu \u0130\u00e7in Aranan \u015eartlar:<\/u><\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<ol type=\"1\">\n<li><strong>Hastan\u0131n R\u0131zas\u0131n\u0131n Al\u0131nmas\u0131<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<p>\u00dclkemizde k\u0131s\u0131rla\u015ft\u0131rma r\u0131zaya dayal\u0131 olup t\u0131bbi gereklilik hali haricinde zorla k\u0131s\u0131rla\u015ft\u0131rma s\u00f6z konusu de\u011fildir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>T\u00fcrk Medeni Kanunu\u2019nun 24. Maddesinde \u201c<em>Ki\u015filik hakk\u0131 zedelenen kimsenin r\u0131zas\u0131, daha \u00fcst\u00fcn nitelikte \u00f6zel veya kamusal yarar ya da kanunun verdi\u011fi yetkinin kullan\u0131lmas\u0131 sebeplerinden biriyle hakl\u0131 k\u0131l\u0131nmad\u0131k\u00e7a, ki\u015filik haklar\u0131na yap\u0131lan her sald\u0131r\u0131 hukuka ayk\u0131r\u0131d\u0131r<\/em>.\u201d Denilmi\u015f olup<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a>2827 say\u0131l\u0131 N\u00fcfus Planlamas\u0131 Hakk\u0131nda Kanunun<\/a> 4\/2. Maddesinde \u201c<em>Sterilizasyon ameliyat\u0131, t\u0131bbi sak\u0131nca olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 takdirde re\u015fit ki\u015finin iste\u011fi \u00fczerine yap\u0131l\u0131r<\/em>.\u201d Denilerek k\u0131s\u0131rla\u015ft\u0131rma i\u015fleminin yap\u0131lmas\u0131 yap\u0131lacak ki\u015finin r\u0131zas\u0131na ba\u011flanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Ayn\u0131 maddenin 3. F\u0131kras\u0131 ise \u201c<em>Bir ameliyat\u0131n seyri s\u0131ras\u0131nda t\u0131bbi zaruret nedeniyle bir hastal\u0131\u011f\u0131n tedavisi i\u00e7in kastrasyonu gerektiren hallerde, ki\u015finin r\u0131zas\u0131na bak\u0131lmaks\u0131z\u0131n kastrasyon ameliyesi yap\u0131labilir.\u201d <\/em>\u015eeklinde d\u00fczenlenerek k\u0131s\u0131rla\u015ft\u0131rma i\u015fleminde hastan\u0131n r\u0131zas\u0131n\u0131n al\u0131nmas\u0131 ko\u015fulunun istisnas\u0131 h\u00fck\u00fcm alt\u0131na al\u0131nm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. H\u00fck\u00fcm uyarnca bir ameliyat\u0131n ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirilmesi s\u0131ras\u0131nda t\u0131bbi zorunluluk sebebi ile k\u0131s\u0131rla\u015ft\u0131rman\u0131n gerekli oldu\u011fu hallerde, ki\u015finin r\u0131zas\u0131na bak\u0131lmaks\u0131z\u0131n k\u0131s\u0131rla\u015ft\u0131rma i\u015flemi uygulanabilir. <a href=\"#_ftn9\" id=\"_ftnref9\">[9]<\/a> Baz\u0131 yazarlara g\u00f6re bu h\u00fck\u00fcm, hukukun evrensel ilkelerine, t\u0131p hukukunun genel ilkelerine ve Anayasa\u2019ya ayk\u0131r\u0131d\u0131r. Bir kimsenin r\u0131zas\u0131 al\u0131nmaks\u0131z\u0131n, do\u011frudan kastrasyon veya k\u0131s\u0131rla\u015ft\u0131rma i\u015fleminin uygulanmas\u0131, zorunluluk hali d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnceleri ile de olsa, kabul edilemez.<a href=\"#_ftn10\" id=\"_ftnref10\">[10]<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>2827 say\u0131l\u0131 N\u00fcfus Planlamas\u0131 Hakk\u0131nda Kanunun 6\/2 Maddesinde \u201c<em>4 \u00fcnc\u00fc maddenin ikinci ve 5 inci maddenin birinci f\u0131kralar\u0131nda belirtilen ve r\u0131zalar\u0131 aran\u0131lacak ki\u015filer evli iseler, sterilizasyon veya rahim tahliyesi i\u00e7in e\u015fin de r\u0131zas\u0131 gerekir<\/em>.\u201d H\u00fckm\u00fcnde olup k\u0131s\u0131rla\u015ft\u0131rma ameliyat\u0131 yap\u0131lacak ki\u015fi evliyse, &nbsp;kendisinin yan\u0131nda e\u015fin r\u0131zas\u0131n\u0131n mevcudiyeti de zorunlu hale getirilmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Hastay\u0131 Ayd\u0131nlatma Y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc:<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>Ayd\u0131nlat\u0131lm\u0131\u015f onam\u0131n hukuka uygunlu\u011fu i\u00e7in; hastan\u0131n\/hasta yak\u0131nlar\u0131n\u0131n t\u0131bbi uygulama hakk\u0131nda yeteri kadar ayd\u0131nlat\u0131lmas\u0131, akabinde d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fclmesi i\u00e7in zaman tan\u0131nmas\u0131 ve ard\u0131ndan yap\u0131lacak uygulamaya hasta taraf\u0131ndan \u00f6zg\u00fcr irade ile karar verilmesi gerekmektedir. Ayd\u0131nlatma i\u015fleminde hastaya tan\u0131, se\u00e7ilen tedavi y\u00f6ntemi, beklenen yararlar\u0131,&nbsp; olas\u0131 yan etkileri, di\u011fer tedavi se\u00e7enekleri hastan\u0131n anlayabilece\u011fi \u015fekilde anlat\u0131lmal\u0131d\u0131r.<a href=\"#_ftn11\" id=\"_ftnref11\">[11]<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>T\u00fcrk Tabipleri Birli\u011fi Hekimlik Meslek Eti\u011fi Kurallar\u0131 madde 26 :\u201c<em>Hekim hastas\u0131n\u0131, hastan\u0131n sa\u011fl\u0131k durumu ve konulan tan\u0131, \u00f6nerilen tedavi y\u00f6nteminin t\u00fcr\u00fc, ba\u015far\u0131 \u015fans\u0131 ve s\u00fcresi, tedavi y\u00f6nteminin hastan\u0131n sa\u011fl\u0131\u011f\u0131 i\u00e7in ta\u015f\u0131d\u0131\u011f\u0131 riskler, verilen ila\u00e7lar\u0131n kullan\u0131l\u0131\u015f\u0131 ve olas\u0131 yan etkileri, hastan\u0131n \u00f6nerilen tedaviyi kabul etmemesi durumunda hastal\u0131\u011f\u0131n yarataca\u011f\u0131 sonu\u00e7lar, olas\u0131 tedavi se\u00e7enekleri ve riskleri konular\u0131nda ayd\u0131nlat\u0131r<\/em>.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Rahim Tahliyesi ve Sterilizasyon Hizmetlerinin Y\u00fcr\u00fct\u00fclmesi ve Denetlenmesine \u0130li\u015fkin T\u00fcz\u00fck\u2019te k\u0131s\u0131rla\u015ft\u0131rma i\u015fleminde hastan\u0131n yaz\u0131l\u0131 olarak nas\u0131l ayd\u0131nlat\u0131laca\u011f\u0131na ili\u015fkin \u00f6rnek form sunulmu\u015ftur:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u201c<em>M\u00dcDAHALEDEN \u00d6NCE G\u00d6REVL\u0130 DOKTORUN A\u00c7IKLAMASI<\/em><\/strong><em>:<\/em> <em>Sterilizasyon i\u015fleminin t\u0131bbi sonu\u00e7lan, muhtemel komplikasyonlar\u0131, a\u011f\u0131rl\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve \u00f6nemi r\u0131za ve izin olmaks\u0131z\u0131n bu i\u015flemin yap\u0131lamayaca\u011f\u0131, r\u0131zan\u0131n ve iznin kapsam\u0131 ve konusu, sterilizasyon yapt\u0131racak ki\u015fiye, e\u015fine ya da vasiye anlat\u0131ld\u0131<\/em>.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong><em>\u201cRIZA:<\/em><\/strong><em>M\u00fcdahaleden \u00f6nce g\u00f6revli doktorun t\u00fcm a\u00e7\u0131klamalar\u0131n\u0131 dinledik. Sterilizasyon i\u015flemine, r\u0131za ve iznimiz olmadan giri\u015filemeyece\u011fi, bu i\u015flemin t\u0131bbi sonu\u00e7lar\u0131 ve muhtemel komplikasyonlar\u0131 bize etrafl\u0131ca anlat\u0131ld\u0131. Bu konuda, sorumluluklar\u0131n bize ait bulundu\u011fu bilincinde oldu\u011fumuzu, hi\u00e7bir \u015fiddet, tehdit, telkin ya da maddi ve manevi bask\u0131 alt\u0131nda olmaks\u0131z\u0131n sterilizasyonu kabul etti\u011fimizi, do\u011facak sonu\u00e7lan gerek birbirimiz ve gerek doktor ve hastane aleyhine kullanmayaca\u011f\u0131m\u0131z\u0131, sonucuna katlanaca\u011f\u0131m\u0131z\u0131 ve sterilizasyon i\u015flemine nza g\u00f6sterdi\u011fimizi beyan ederiz.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><em>Getirdi\u011fim belgedeki imzan\u0131n e\u015fime ya da vasime ait oldu\u011funu ve bundan do\u011facak hukuki sorumlulu\u011fun bana ait bulundu\u011funu beyan ederim.\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u00d6nemle belirtmek gerekir ki; ayn\u0131 t\u00fcz\u00fckte \u201csterilizasyon ameliyat\u0131 yap\u0131lacak yerlerde bulunmas\u0131 zorunlu ara\u00e7 ve gere\u00e7ler\u201d belirtilirken kad\u0131n ve erke\u011fe ayr\u0131 ayr\u0131 liste yap\u0131lmas\u0131 k\u0131s\u0131rla\u015ft\u0131rma i\u015fleminde hastada cinsiyet fark\u0131n\u0131n g\u00f6zetilerek ayd\u0131nlatma yap\u0131lmas\u0131 gereklili\u011fini ortaya koymaktad\u0131r. Bu durum k\u0131s\u0131rla\u015ft\u0131rma i\u015flemine ili\u015fkin ayd\u0131nlatma y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc hekimlerin genel ayd\u0131nlatma y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcnden ay\u0131ran farklardan biridir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a>2827 say\u0131l\u0131 N\u00fcfus Planlamas\u0131 Hakk\u0131nda Kanunun <\/a>4. Maddesinde ; \u201c<em>Bir ameliyat\u0131n seyri s\u0131ras\u0131nda t\u0131bbi zorunluluk nedeniyle bir hastal\u0131\u011f\u0131n tedavisi i\u00e7in kastrasyonu gerektiren hallerde ki\u015finin r\u0131zas\u0131na bak\u0131lmaks\u0131z\u0131n kastrasyon ameliyesi yap\u0131labilecektir<\/em>.\u201d Denilerek k\u0131s\u0131rla\u015ft\u0131rma i\u015flemine ili\u015fkin hastay\u0131 ayd\u0131nlatma y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fcn istisnas\u0131 d\u00fczenlenmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Ayd\u0131nlatma konusunda uyu\u015fmazl\u0131k \u00e7\u0131kmas\u0131 durumunda hekim, hastas\u0131n\u0131 ayd\u0131nlatt\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ve r\u0131zas\u0131n\u0131 ald\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 yaz\u0131l\u0131 belge ile ispat etmekle y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcd\u00fcr. Rahim Tahliyesi ve Sterilizasyon Hizmetlerinin Y\u00fcr\u00fct\u00fclmesi ve Denetlenmesine \u0130li\u015fkin T\u00fcz\u00fck md.13 de ifade edildi\u011fi gibi kanun koyucu sterilizasyon i\u015fleminde yaz\u0131l\u0131 izin belgesi al\u0131nmas\u0131n\u0131 zorunlu k\u0131lmaktad\u0131r.<a href=\"#_ftn12\" id=\"_ftnref12\">[12]<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong><em>MADDE 15.-<\/em><\/strong><em> <\/em>\u201c<em>\u0130zin belgeleri, 13. maddede s\u00f6z\u00fc edilenlere, rahim tahliyesi ve sterilizasyon i\u00e7in ba\u015fvurduklar\u0131nda imzalat\u0131l\u0131r. E\u015fin, ya da vasinin gelmemesi halinde, bunlar\u0131n sterilizasyon ya da rahim tahliyesine izin verdiklerine ili\u015fkin yaz\u0131l\u0131 ve imzal\u0131 belge yeterli say\u0131l\u0131r. Belgeyi getiren, imzan\u0131n sahibine ait oldu\u011funun hukuki sorumlulu\u011funu kabul etti\u011fine ili\u015fkin bir belgeyi de imzalamak zorundad\u0131r<\/em>.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Yap\u0131lacak Operasyonun T\u0131p Biliminin Verilerine, Gerek ve Standartlar\u0131na Uygun Olmas\u0131:<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>T\u0131bbi m\u00fcdahale tan\u0131m\u0131,yetkili ki\u015fi taraf\u0131ndan t\u0131p biliminin kurallar\u0131na g\u00f6re yap\u0131lan te\u015fhis, tedavi ve koruma faaliyetleri olarak belirtilebilir. T\u0131bbi Deontoloji Nizamnamesinin <em>\u201c<\/em><em>meslekta\u015flar\u0131n hastalar\u0131 ile m\u00fcnasebetleri<\/em>\u201d ba\u015fl\u0131kl\u0131 13. maddesi \u015f\u00f6yledir; <em>\u201cTabip ve di\u015f tabibi, ilm\u00ee icaplara uygun olarak te\u015fhis koyar ve gereken tedaviyi tatbik eder.\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Kanunen yetkili hekim taraf\u0131ndan ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirilecek t\u0131bbi m\u00fcdahale olan k\u0131s\u0131rla\u015ft\u0131rma i\u015flemi&nbsp; t\u0131p biliminin verilerine, gerek ve standartlar\u0131na uygun olmal\u0131; hekim k\u0131s\u0131rla\u015ft\u0131rma i\u015flemine y\u00f6nelik teorik ve pratik geli\u015fmeleri takip etmeli; yap\u0131lacak m\u00fcdahale hukuki d\u00fczenlemeler ile o m\u00fcdahalenin ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirilmesi i\u00e7in belirlenmi\u015f ve tahsis edilmi\u015f tedavi kurumlar\u0131nda ger\u00e7ekle\u015fmeli; yap\u0131lacak m\u00fcdahaleye uygun ara\u00e7 gere\u00e7ler kullan\u0131lmal\u0131d\u0131r.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Rahim Tahliyesi ve Sterilizasyon Hizmetlerinin Y\u00fcr\u00fct\u00fclmesi ve Denetlenmesine \u0130li\u015fkin T\u00fcz\u00fck<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong><em>MADDE 11<\/em><\/strong><em>.-<\/em> <em>Kad\u0131nlara sterilizasyon ameliyat\u0131, yaln\u0131zca resmi tedavi kurumlar\u0131yla \u00f6zel hastanelerde yap\u0131l\u0131r. Buralarda, T\u00fcz\u00fck\u2019e ekli (4) say\u0131l\u0131 listede yer alan ara\u00e7 gere\u00e7 ve personelin bulunmas\u0131 zorunludur.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong><em>\u201c(4) SAYILI L\u0130STE<\/em><\/strong><em>:<\/em> <em>Kad\u0131nlara sterilizasyon ameliyat\u0131 yap\u0131lacak yerlerde bulunmas\u0131 zorunlu ko\u015fullar, ara\u00e7, gere\u00e7 ve personel:<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><em>Histeroktomi dahil kad\u0131n-do\u011fum operasyonlar\u0131n\u0131n yap\u0131labilece\u011fi ameliyathane ko\u015fullar\u0131 Mini-laparotomi seti ya da laparoskop ayg\u0131t\u0131 &nbsp;Genel anestezi verecek uzman hekim ya da teknisyen<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong><em>MADDE 12<\/em><\/strong><em>.- Erkeklere sterilizasyon ameliyat\u0131n\u0131, uzman hekimler, mesleklerini uygulad\u0131klar\u0131 yerlerde, pratisyen hekimlerse, resmi tedavi kurumlar\u0131nda yaparlar. Buralarda, T\u00fcz\u00fck\u2019e ekli (5) say\u0131l\u0131 listede yer alan ara\u00e7 ve gere\u00e7lerin bulunmas\u0131 zorunludur.\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong><em>(5) SAYILI L\u0130STE<\/em><\/strong><em> Erkeklere sterilizasyon ameliyat\u0131 yap\u0131lacak yerlerde bulunmas\u0131 zorunlu ara\u00e7 ve gere\u00e7ler:<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><em>1- Ameliyat\u0131n yap\u0131laca\u011f\u0131 bir oda<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><em>2-Cerrahi masa ya da muayene masas\u0131<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><em>3-Vazektomi seti (steril eldiven, s\u00fct\u00fcr malzemesi, \u00f6rt\u00fc vb.)<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><em>4- Tansiyon aleti, stetoskop, lokal anestetik madde, cilt temizli\u011fi i\u00e7in antiseptik sol\u00fcsyon ve \u0131\u015f\u0131k.\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Operasyonu Ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirecek Hekimin Kanunen Yetkili Olmas\u0131<\/strong><strong><\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>T\u0131bbi m\u00fcdahalenin hukuka uygun olabilmesi i\u00e7in, t\u0131p mesle\u011fini icra etmeye kanun taraf\u0131ndan yetkilendirilmi\u015f ki\u015filer taraf\u0131ndan ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirilmesi gerekir. Baz\u0131 t\u0131bbi m\u00fcdahalelerde hekim olman\u0131n yan\u0131 s\u0131ra o m\u00fcdahalenin uzmanl\u0131\u011f\u0131na veya \u00f6zel e\u011fitimine sahip olmak gerekmektedir. K\u0131s\u0131rla\u015ft\u0131rma i\u015fleminde hangi uzmanl\u0131\u011fa veya bran\u015fa sahip hekimlerinin yetkili oldu\u011fu Rahim Tahliyesi ve Sterilizasyon Hizmetlerinin Y\u00fcr\u00fct\u00fclmesi ve Denetlenmesine \u0130li\u015fkin T\u00fcz\u00fck\u2019te d\u00fczenlenmi\u015ftir:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>MADDE 10<\/strong>.- \u201c<em>Kad\u0131nlara sterilizasyon ameliyat\u0131, kad\u0131n hastal\u0131klar\u0131 ve do\u011fum ya da genel cerrahi uzmanlar\u0131nca yap\u0131l\u0131r. Erkeklere sterilizasyon ameliyat\u0131, \u00fcroloji, kad\u0131n hastal\u0131klar\u0131 ve do\u011fum ya da genel cerrahi uzmanlar\u0131yla bu konuda Bakanl\u0131k\u00e7a a\u00e7\u0131lan e\u011fitim merkezlerinde kurs g\u00f6rerek yeterlik belgesi alm\u0131\u015f pratisyen hekimlerce yap\u0131l\u0131r<\/em>.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>K\u0131s\u0131rla\u015ft\u0131rma i\u015fleminin yetkili olmayan hekim taraf\u0131ndan yap\u0131lmas\u0131 cezai yapt\u0131r\u0131ma ba\u011flanm\u0131\u015f olup T\u00fcrk Ceza Kanunu\u2019nun 101. Maddesinde \u201c<em>\u2026Fiil, k\u0131s\u0131rla\u015ft\u0131rma i\u015flemi yapma yetkisi olmayan bir kimse taraf\u0131ndan yap\u0131l\u0131rsa, ceza \u00fc\u00e7te bir oran\u0131nda art\u0131r\u0131l\u0131r.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><em>(2) R\u0131zaya dayal\u0131 olsa bile, k\u0131s\u0131rla\u015ft\u0131rma fiilinin yetkili olmayan bir ki\u015fi taraf\u0131ndan i\u015flenmesi h\u00e2linde, bir y\u0131ldan \u00fc\u00e7 y\u0131la kadar hapis cezas\u0131na h\u00fckmolunur<\/em>.\u201d \u015eeklinde cezai yapt\u0131r\u0131m d\u00fczenlenmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul>\n<li><strong>T\u0131bbi Sak\u0131nca Bulunmamas\u0131 ve Hastan\u0131n Re\u015fit Olmas\u0131<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>2827 say\u0131l\u0131 N\u00fcfus Planlamas\u0131 Hakk\u0131nda KanunMadde 4 : \u201c<em>Sterilizasyon ameliyat\u0131, t\u0131bbi sak\u0131nca olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 takdirde re\u015fit ki\u015finin iste\u011fi \u00fczerine yap\u0131l\u0131r.\u201d<\/em><strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul>\n<li><strong>KISIRLA\u015eTIRMA OPERASYONUNA \u0130L\u0130\u015eK\u0130N UYU\u015eMAZLIK<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>K\u0131s\u0131rla\u015ft\u0131rma i\u015flemi ile ilgili olarak hekimlerin ya\u015fayabilece\u011fi sorunlardan biri i\u015flemin ba\u015far\u0131s\u0131z olmas\u0131, ki\u015finin bu nedenle istemeden \u00e7ocuk sahibi olmas\u0131 halidir. Bu durumda, s\u00f6zle\u015fmeye\/hukuka ayk\u0131r\u0131l\u0131k ve uygun illiyet ba\u011f\u0131na ili\u015fkin sorunlar, \u00f6zellikle hekimin sorumlulu\u011funun Bor\u00e7lar Kanunu&#8217;nun haks\u0131z fiil h\u00fck\u00fcmlerine dayand\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 haline, hukuka ayk\u0131r\u0131l\u0131k \u015fart\u0131n\u0131n ger\u00e7ekle\u015fmi\u015f say\u0131lmas\u0131 i\u00e7in, ana baban\u0131n aile planlamas\u0131 hakk\u0131n\u0131n MK md. 24 anlam\u0131nda bir ki\u015filik hakk\u0131 olarak kabul edilip edilemeyece\u011fi sorunu ortaya \u00e7\u0131kmaktad\u0131r. Bu durumda istem d\u0131\u015f\u0131 d\u00fcnyaya gelen \u00e7ocu\u011fun bak\u0131m masraflar\u0131 da tazminat davas\u0131 konusu olabilmektedir. <a href=\"#_ftn13\" id=\"_ftnref13\">[13]<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>K\u0131s\u0131rla\u015ft\u0131rma i\u015fleminin ba\u015far\u0131s\u0131z olmas\u0131 sonucunda sa\u011fl\u0131kl\u0131 bir \u00e7ocu\u011fa sahip olan ebeveynlerin meslek kusuru olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ispatlayamayan hekimden, s\u00f6zle\u015fmeden do\u011fan ayk\u0131r\u0131l\u0131k esaslar\u0131 \u00e7er\u00e7evesinde do\u011fum i\u00e7in yapm\u0131\u015f oldu\u011fu giderleri talep edebilmeleri m\u00fcmk\u00fcnd\u00fcr. Bir g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fe g\u00f6re do\u011fumu istenmemi\u015f \u00e7ocuk i\u00e7in yap\u0131lan harcamalar\u0131n da ebeveynlerin mal varl\u0131\u011f\u0131nda azalmaya yol a\u00e7t\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde tazmin edilebilir zarar kalemleri aras\u0131nda yer almas\u0131 gerekir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Uygulamada ki\u015finin k\u0131s\u0131rla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131nda, ameliyat\u0131n ba\u015far\u0131s\u0131zl\u0131k riskine ili\u015fkin olarak ki\u015finin bilgilendirilmesi, g\u00fcvenlik ayd\u0131nlat\u0131lmas\u0131 olarak kabul edilmekte ve hekimin bu y\u00f6nde bir ayd\u0131nlatma yapmamas\u0131 sebebi ile ki\u015finin do\u011fumunu arzu etmedi\u011fi \u00e7ocu\u011funun olmas\u0131 halinde, hekimin, \u00e7ocu\u011fun bak\u0131m masraflar\u0131ndan sorumlu olaca\u011f\u0131 kabul edilmektedir. Sterilizasyon i\u015flemi yap\u0131lan bir kad\u0131n\u0131n hamile kal\u0131p, hekimi dava etti\u011fi bir olayda mahkeme, k\u0131s\u0131rla\u015ft\u0131rma operasyonunun %100 oran\u0131nda kesinlik i\u00e7ermedi\u011finin ve de\u011fi\u015fik ba\u015far\u0131 oranlar\u0131n\u0131 i\u00e7eren ba\u015fka alternatif y\u00f6ntemlerin de bulundu\u011funun bildirilmemesi nedeniyle tazminat talebini kabul etmi\u015ftir. <a href=\"#_ftn14\" id=\"_ftnref14\">[14]<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>K\u0131s\u0131rla\u015ft\u0131rma i\u015fleminin ba\u015far\u0131s\u0131z olmas\u0131 sonras\u0131 tazminat istemine ili\u015fkin en \u00f6nemli tart\u0131\u015fma konusu da \u00e7ocu\u011fun varl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n maddi zarar te\u015fkil edil etmemesi \u00fczerinedir. Baz\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015flere g\u00f6re, zarar malvarl\u0131\u011f\u0131nda ya da ki\u015fi varl\u0131klar\u0131nda meydana gelen bir eksilme oldu\u011fu i\u00e7in sadece \u00e7ocu\u011fun do\u011fumu hukuki olarak bir zarar te\u015fkil etmemektedir. \u00c7ocu\u011fun varl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n de\u011feri para ile \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fclebilen bir \u015fey de\u011fildir.<a href=\"#_ftn15\" id=\"_ftnref15\">[15]<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Baz\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015flere g\u00f6re de \u00e7ocu\u011fun do\u011fumu ve varl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n bir zarar te\u015fkil etmemesi, do\u011fmas\u0131 arzu edilmeyen bir \u00e7ocu\u011fun do\u011fumu halinde tazmini gereken bir zarar\u0131n mevcut olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 anlam\u0131na gelmemektedir. Bu g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fe g\u00f6re, zarar\u0131n tespitinde sadece ana baban\u0131n malvarl\u0131\u011f\u0131nda olu\u015fan ekonomik y\u00fck esas oldu\u011fundan ve zarar olarak sadece bak\u0131m y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fcn do\u011furdu\u011fu ekonomik y\u00fck dikkate al\u0131nd\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan, bak\u0131m masraflar\u0131n\u0131n zarar olarak kabul\u00fc ile \u00e7ocuk bir obje haline getirilmi\u015f olmaz.<a href=\"#_ftn16\" id=\"_ftnref16\">[16]<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Alman ve \u0130ngiliz hukukunda \u00e7iftlerin \u00e7ocuk sahibi olmak istememelerine ra\u011fmen hekim kusuru sonucunda \u00e7ocu\u011fa sahip olmalar\u0131 halinde bu \u00e7ocu\u011fun bak\u0131m masraflar\u0131n\u0131n tazmini kabul edilmekte, Avusturya ve Frans\u0131z hukukunda ise reddedilmektedir. ABD&nbsp; hukukunda bu konuya ili\u015fkin olarak eyaletler aras\u0131nda farkl\u0131 uygulamalar bulunmaktad\u0131r.<a href=\"#_ftn17\" id=\"_ftnref17\">[17]<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Alman Yarg\u0131 organlar\u0131ndan D\u00fcsseldorf Y\u00fcksek Eyalet Mahkemesi\u2019nin 1974 y\u0131l\u0131nda vermi\u015f oldu\u011fu kararda, ba\u015far\u0131s\u0131zl\u0131kla sonu\u00e7lanan k\u0131s\u0131rla\u015ft\u0131rma i\u015flemi sonucu do\u011fan \u00e7ocu\u011fun bak\u0131m masraflar\u0131ndan dolay\u0131 hekime kar\u015f\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131lan tazminat davas\u0131nda mahkeme tazminat talebini kabul etmi\u015f, kararda gerek\u00e7e olarak istenmeyen do\u011fumun ve \u00e7ocu\u011fun kendisinin bir zarar te\u015fkil etmedi\u011fi, fakat hekimin sebebiyet verdi\u011fi bak\u0131m masraflar\u0131n\u0131n malvarl\u0131\u011f\u0131na zarar\u0131 oldu\u011fu ifade edilmi\u015ftir.<a href=\"#_ftn18\" id=\"_ftnref18\">[18]<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Almanya\u2019da ger\u00e7ekle\u015fen ba\u015fka bir olayda hekim yumurta kanal\u0131 yerine ligamentum roduntumu kesmi\u015f ve kad\u0131n bu sterilizasyon hatas\u0131ndan dolay\u0131 \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc \u00e7ocu\u011funa hamile kalm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Federal Mahkeme aile planlamas\u0131 nedeniyle istenmeyen, fakat sa\u011fl\u0131kl\u0131 bir \u00e7ocu\u011fun d\u00fcnyaya gelmesi ve bundan kaynaklanan bak\u0131m masraflar\u0131n\u0131n tazminat hukuku anlam\u0131nda zarar olarak de\u011ferlendirilmesi gerekti\u011fine h\u00fckmetmi\u015ftir. Federal Mahkemeye g\u00f6re, hekim sadece sterilizasyon s\u00f6zle\u015fmesinin taraf\u0131 olan anneye kar\u015f\u0131 de\u011fil, e\u015fe kar\u015f\u0131 da tazminatla sorumludur. Zira e\u015f de sterilizasyon s\u00f6zle\u015fmesinin koruma kapsam\u0131na dahildir. Federal Mahkemenin daha sonraki y\u0131llarda verdi\u011fi kararlar neticesinde, hekimin istenmeyen \u00e7ocuktan kaynaklanan nafaka y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc konusunda yerle\u015fik bir i\u00e7tihat olu\u015fmu\u015ftur. <a href=\"#_ftn19\" id=\"_ftnref19\">[19]<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Ba\u015far\u0131s\u0131z olan k\u0131s\u0131rla\u015ft\u0131rma operasyonuna ili\u015fkin \u0130svi\u00e7re Arbon \u00c7evre Mahkemesi taraf\u0131ndan verilen karar kararda, k\u0131s\u0131rla\u015ft\u0131rma i\u015fleminden sonra \u00e7ocuk sahibi olan anne, 21 ya\u015f\u0131na kadar \u00e7ocu\u011funun e\u011fitim masraflar\u0131n\u0131n ve \u00e7ocu\u011fu okula ba\u015flay\u0131ncaya kadar yedi y\u0131l boyunca i\u015fine devam edememesi nedeni ile u\u011frayaca\u011f\u0131 kazan\u00e7 kayb\u0131n\u0131n maddi zarar te\u015fkil etti\u011fini iddia etmi\u015f ve bunlar\u0131n tazminini istemi\u015f, ayr\u0131ca ikinci kez k\u0131s\u0131rla\u015ft\u0131rma i\u015flemi uygulamak zorunda kalaca\u011f\u0131 i\u00e7in psikolojik b\u00fct\u00fcnl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcnde olu\u015fan eksikli\u011fin giderilmesi ve do\u011fum s\u00fcrecinde \u00e7ekti\u011fi ac\u0131lara kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131k manevi tazminat talep etmi\u015ftir. Mahkeme ise e\u011fitim masraflar\u0131n\u0131n maddi zarar kalemi olu\u015fturmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 belirtmi\u015ftir. Annenin \u00e7ocu\u011fun bak\u0131m\u0131 ile ilgilenmesi gereken ilk alt\u0131 y\u0131l boyunca \u00e7al\u0131\u015famayaca\u011f\u0131 gerek\u00e7esi ile bu s\u00fcre i\u00e7inde yoksun kalaca\u011f\u0131 kazanc\u0131 maddi zarar olarak nitelendirmi\u015ftir. Ayr\u0131ca manevi tazminat istemini de kabul etmi\u015ftir.<a href=\"#_ftn20\" id=\"_ftnref20\">[20]<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Frans\u0131z Dan\u0131\u015ftay\u2019\u0131 bekar ve ekonomik durumu k\u00f6t\u00fc olan bir annenin k\u0131s\u0131rla\u015ft\u0131rma i\u015fleminin ba\u015far\u0131s\u0131zl\u0131\u011fa u\u011framas\u0131 nedeniyle do\u011furdu\u011fu sa\u011fl\u0131kl\u0131 \u00e7ocuk i\u00e7in yapaca\u011f\u0131 harcamalar\u0131n kendisini zarara u\u011fratt\u0131\u011f\u0131 iddias\u0131n\u0131 harcamalar\u0131n ebeveynlerin iradesi dahilinde ger\u00e7ekle\u015fmesi ve sa\u011fl\u0131k \u00e7ocu\u011fun do\u011fumunun zarar olarak kabul edilmesinin ahlak de\u011feri ihlali olmas\u0131 gerek\u00e7eleri ile reddetmi\u015ftir.<a href=\"#_ftn21\" id=\"_ftnref21\">[21]<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Avusturya Y\u00fcksek Mahkemesi\u2019nin 14.09.2006 tarihli karar\u0131na konu te\u015fkil eden bir olayda \u00fc\u00e7 \u00e7ocuk babas\u0131 davac\u0131, bir uzman hekime k\u0131s\u0131rla\u015ft\u0131rma i\u015flemi yapt\u0131rm\u0131\u015f, ameliyat sonras\u0131 i\u015flemin ba\u015far\u0131l\u0131 olup olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n kontrol\u00fc i\u00e7in iki kez muayene olmu\u015ftur. Muayene sonu\u00e7lar\u0131 i\u015flemin ba\u015far\u0131l\u0131 oldu\u011funu g\u00f6stermekle beraber, davac\u0131n\u0131n e\u015fi bir y\u0131l sonra hamile kalm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Davac\u0131, hekimin gere\u011fi gibi ayd\u0131nlatmada bulunmad\u0131\u011f\u0131, gere\u011fi gibi ayd\u0131nlat\u0131lm\u0131\u015f olsa idi gebeli\u011fi \u00f6nleyici di\u011fer y\u00f6ntemlere ba\u015fvuracak olduklar\u0131n\u0131 iddia ederek do\u011fan \u00e7ocu\u011fun bak\u0131m masraflar\u0131n\u0131n tazminini istemi\u015ftir. Mahkeme istenmeyen \u00e7ocuk olsa da sa\u011fl\u0131kl\u0131 bir \u00e7ocu\u011fun bak\u0131m masraflar\u0131n\u0131n zarar olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 gerek\u00e7esi ile talebi reddetmi\u015ftir.<a href=\"#_ftn22\" id=\"_ftnref22\">[22]<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong><u>KAYNAK\u00c7A<\/u><\/strong>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <strong><u><\/u><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul>\n<li>Prof. Dr. \u00dc\u00e7\u0131\u015f\u0131k, Hasan Fehim, <strong>Sa<\/strong><strong>\u011f<\/strong><strong>l<\/strong><strong>\u0131<\/strong><strong>k Hukuku<\/strong>, \u00d6t\u00fcken Yay\u0131nlar\u0131, 3. Bask\u0131, 2008<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Yrd. Do\u00e7. Dr. \u00d6ZDEM\u0130R, Hayrunnisa, <strong>Had<\/strong><strong>\u0131<\/strong><strong>m Etme Ve Hekimin S<\/strong><strong>\u0131<\/strong><strong>r Saklama Y<\/strong><strong>\u00fc<\/strong><strong>k<\/strong><strong>\u00fc<\/strong><strong>ml<\/strong><strong>\u00fc<\/strong><strong>l<\/strong><strong>\u00fc<\/strong><strong>\u011f<\/strong><strong>\u00fc<\/strong>, Gazi \u00dcniversitesi Hukuk Fak\u00fcltesi Dergisi C. XIV, Y. 2010, Sa. 1<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>DO\u011eAN, Cahid, Ankara Barosu Sa\u011fl\u0131k Hukuku Kurulu Ba\u015fkan Yard\u0131mc\u0131s\u0131, <strong>K<\/strong><strong>\u0131<\/strong><strong>s<\/strong><strong>\u0131<\/strong><strong>rla<\/strong><strong>\u015f<\/strong><strong>t<\/strong><strong>\u0131<\/strong><strong>rma (Sterilization)<\/strong>, Ankara \u00dcniversitesi Adli Bilimler Enstit\u00fcs\u00fc, 2014 , Ankara<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u015eENOCAK, Zarife, <strong>\u0130<\/strong><strong>stenmeden D\u00fcnyaya Gelen \u00d6z\u00fcrl\u00fc \u00c7ocuk ve Tazminat<\/strong>, Turhan Yay\u0131nevi, Ankara, 2009<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>HAKER\u0130, Hakan, <strong>T<\/strong><strong>\u0131<\/strong><strong>p Hukuku<\/strong>, Se\u00e7kin Yay\u0131nevi, 11.Bask\u0131, Ankara, 2016<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>AKYILDIZ, Sunay, <strong>K<\/strong><strong>\u0131<\/strong><strong>s<\/strong><strong>\u0131<\/strong><strong>rla<\/strong><strong>\u015f<\/strong><strong>t<\/strong><strong>\u0131<\/strong><strong>rma Operasyonlar<\/strong><strong>\u0131<\/strong><strong>nda Hekimin Ayd<\/strong><strong>\u0131<\/strong><strong>nlatma Y<\/strong><strong>\u00fc<\/strong><strong>k<\/strong><strong>\u00fc<\/strong><strong>ml<\/strong><strong>\u00fc<\/strong><strong>l<\/strong><strong>\u00fc<\/strong><strong>\u011f<\/strong><strong>\u00fc<\/strong> , Ankara Barosu, III. Sa\u011fl\u0131k Hukuku Kurultay\u0131 , 7-8 May\u0131s 2010, Ankara<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u00d6ZPINAR, Berna, <strong>K<\/strong><strong>\u0131<\/strong><strong>s<\/strong><strong>\u0131<\/strong><strong>rla<\/strong><strong>\u015f<\/strong><strong>t<\/strong><strong>\u0131<\/strong><strong>rma Operasyonlar<\/strong><strong>\u0131<\/strong><strong>nda Hekimlerin Hukuki Sorumlulu<\/strong><strong>\u011f<\/strong><strong>u<\/strong> , Ankara Barosu, III. Sa\u011fl\u0131k Hukuku Kurultay\u0131 , 7-8 May\u0131s 2010, Ankara<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>ARDA, Berna, <strong>T<\/strong><strong>\u0131<\/strong><strong>p Eti<\/strong><strong>\u011f<\/strong><strong>i Bak<\/strong><strong>\u0131\u015f\u0131<\/strong><strong>yla Sterilizasyon, 21. Y<\/strong><strong>\u00fc<\/strong><strong>zy<\/strong><strong>\u0131<\/strong><strong>lda Neler S<\/strong><strong>\u00f6<\/strong><strong>yleyebiliriz?<\/strong>, Ankara Barosu, III. Sa\u011fl\u0131k Hukuku Kurultay\u0131 , 7-8 May\u0131s 2010, Ankara&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Alman Hukukunda Sterilizasyon K<\/strong><strong>\u0131<\/strong><strong>s<\/strong><strong>\u0131<\/strong><strong>rla<\/strong><strong>\u015f<\/strong><strong>t<\/strong><strong>\u0131<\/strong><strong>rma Uygulamalar<\/strong><strong>\u0131<\/strong><strong>ndan Kaynaklanan Hukuksal Sorunlar<\/strong>, Ankara Barosu, III. Sa\u011fl\u0131k Hukuku Kurultay\u0131 , 7-8 May\u0131s 2010, Ankara<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref1\" id=\"_ftn1\">[1]<\/a> ARDA, Berna, T\u0131p Eti\u011fi Bak\u0131\u015f\u0131yla Sterilizasyon, 21. Y\u00fczy\u0131lda Neler S\u00f6yleyebiliriz?, Ankara Barosu, III. Sa\u011fl\u0131k Hukuku Kurultay\u0131 , 7-8 May\u0131s 2010, Ankara, sf.55<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref2\" id=\"_ftn2\">[2]<\/a> DO\u011eAN, Cahid, Ankara Barosu Sa\u011fl\u0131k Hukuku Kurulu<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>&nbsp;Ba\u015fkan Yard\u0131mc\u0131s\u0131, K\u0131s\u0131rla\u015ft\u0131rma (Sterilization), Ankara \u00dcniversitesi Adli Bilimler Enstit\u00fcs\u00fc, 2014 , Ankara, sf 1<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref3\" id=\"_ftn3\">[3]<\/a> TEMEL, Erhan, Alman Hukukunda Sterilizasyon K\u0131s\u0131rla\u015ft\u0131rma Uygulamalar\u0131ndan Kaynaklanan Hukuksal Sorunlar, Ankara Barosu, III. Sa\u011fl\u0131k Hukuku Kurultay\u0131 , 7-8 May\u0131s 2010, Ankara, sf 63<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref4\" id=\"_ftn4\">[4]<\/a> ARDA, Berna, sf. 57<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref5\" id=\"_ftn5\">[5]<\/a> DO\u011eAN, Cahid, sf 1<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref6\" id=\"_ftn6\">[6]<\/a> AKYILDIZ, Sunay, K\u0131s\u0131rla\u015ft\u0131rma Operasyonlar\u0131nda Hekimin Ayd\u0131nlatma Y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc , Ankara Barosu, III. Sa\u011fl\u0131k Hukuku Kurultay\u0131 , 7-8 May\u0131s 2010, Ankara, sf 12<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref7\" id=\"_ftn7\">[7]<\/a> AKYILDIZ, Sunay, sf. 13<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref8\" id=\"_ftn8\">[8]<\/a> AKYILDIZ, Sunay, sf. 16<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref9\" id=\"_ftn9\">[9]<\/a> Prof. Dr. \u00dc\u00e7\u0131\u015f\u0131k, Hasan Fehim, Sa\u011fl\u0131k Hukuku, \u00d6t\u00fcken Yay\u0131nlar\u0131, 3. Bask\u0131, 2008, Sf. 137<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref10\" id=\"_ftn10\">[10]<\/a> Hakeri, Hakan, T\u0131p Hukuku, Se\u00e7kin Yay\u0131nevi, 11.Bask\u0131, Ankara, 2016, sf. 168<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref11\" id=\"_ftn11\">[11]<\/a> AKYILDIZ, Sunay, sf. 20<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref12\" id=\"_ftn12\">[12]<\/a> AKYILDIZ, Sunay, sf. 23<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref13\" id=\"_ftn13\">[13]<\/a> AKYILDIZ, Sunay, sf.24<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref14\" id=\"_ftn14\">[14]<\/a> Hakeri, Hakan, sf. 205<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref15\" id=\"_ftn15\">[15]<\/a> <a>\u015e<\/a>enocak, Zarife, \u0130stenmeden D\u00fcnyaya Gelen \u00d6z\u00fcrl\u00fc \u00c7ocuk ve Tazminat, Turhan Yay\u0131nevi, Ankara, 2009, sf 62<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref16\" id=\"_ftn16\">[16]<\/a> \u015eenocak, Zarife, sf 63-64<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref17\" id=\"_ftn17\">[17]<\/a> \u015eenocak, Zarife, sf.6<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref18\" id=\"_ftn18\">[18]<\/a> \u015eenocak, Zarife, sf.11<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref19\" id=\"_ftn19\">[19]<\/a> TEMEL, Erhan, sf. 80-81<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref20\" id=\"_ftn20\">[20]<\/a> BzGer. Arbon, SJZ 1986, S.46 vd<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref21\" id=\"_ftn21\">[21]<\/a> CE, AJDA, 1983, S.206<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref22\" id=\"_ftn22\">[22]<\/a> \u015eenocak, Zarife, sf 34<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>I-G\u0130R\u0130\u015e Anayasam\u0131z\u0131n 17\/1 maddesinde \u201cHerkes, ya\u015fama, maddi ve manevi varl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 koruma ve geli\u015ftirme hakk\u0131na sahiptir.\u201d, ve 56\/1.3. maddesinde \u201cHerkes, sa\u011fl\u0131kl\u0131 ve dengeli bir \u00e7evrede ya\u015fama hakk\u0131na sahiptir. Devlet, herkesin hayat\u0131n\u0131, beden ve ruh sa\u011fl\u0131\u011f\u0131 i\u00e7inde s\u00fcrd\u00fcr\u00fclmesini sa\u011flamakla y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcd\u00fcr\u201d denilmekte olup ayn\u0131 maddenin ikinci f\u0131kras\u0131nda da t\u0131bbi zorunluluklar ve kanunda yaz\u0131l\u0131 haller d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda kimsenin v\u00fccut b\u00fct\u00fcnl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcne [&hellip;]<\/p>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"blocksy_meta":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/eksihukukburosu.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2247"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/eksihukukburosu.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/eksihukukburosu.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/eksihukukburosu.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/eksihukukburosu.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=2247"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/eksihukukburosu.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2247\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":4419,"href":"https:\/\/eksihukukburosu.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2247\/revisions\/4419"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/eksihukukburosu.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=2247"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/eksihukukburosu.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=2247"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/eksihukukburosu.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=2247"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}